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Playwright 支持 API 测试，虽然不如 requests 库强大，但比 Selenium 更方便，支持直接调用接口。本文介绍了如何用 Playwright 进行 API 测试，包括实例化 request 对象、GET、POST、PUT、DELETE 请求及文件上传的示例代码。虽然官方文件上传方法存在问题，但通过模拟构造入参解决了问题。总体而言，Playwright 在功能上略胜 Selenium。
Playwright也能用来做接口测试，但个人感觉还是没有requests库那么强大。不过比起selenium，它还是强一点，毕竟支持API登录，可以不用交互直接调用接口操作了。
怎么用
既然是API测试，就别搞UI自动化那套了，搞什么浏览器交互，根本不是API测试，纯粹是瞎扯。
不像有些博主懒，直接贴官方例子，难道我要你再复制一遍给我看？
下面，我来说明一下如何用playwright做API测试。
实例化request对象
代码如下：
playwright.request.new_context()没错，实例化后就是调API，其实也不是很难吧？
实战举例
这里用我自己写的学生管理系统的部分接口做演示，并对常用API做说明，示例代码都是同步写法。
1. GET请求
示例如下：
def testQueryStudent(playwright: Playwright):
"""
查询学生
"""
url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentFindById'
param = {
'id': 105
}
request_context = playwright.request.new_context()
response = request_context.get(url=url, params=param)
assert response.ok
assert response.json()
print('\n', response.json())效果：
2. POST请求
示例代码：
def testAddStudent(playwright: Playwright):
"""
新增学生
"""
url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentAdd'
request_body = {
"className": "banji",
"courseName": "wuli",
"email": "ales@qq.com",
"name": "ales",
"score": 70,
"sex": "boy",
"studentId": "92908290"
}
header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
request_context = playwright.request.new_context()
response = request_context.post(url=url, headers=header, data=request_body)
assert response.ok
assert response.json()
print('\n', response.json())效果：
3. PUT请求
示例代码：
def testUpdateStudents(playwright: Playwright):
"""
修改学生
"""
url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentUpdate/100'
param = {
'studentId': "id" + str(100),
'name': "name" + str(100),
'score': 100,
"sex": "girl",
"className": "class" + str(100),
"courseName": "course" + str(100),
"email": str(100) + "email@qq.com"
}
request_context = playwright.request.new_context()
response = request_context.put(url=url, form=param)
assert response.ok
assert response.json()
print('\n', response.json())效果：
4. DELETE请求
示例代码：
def testDeleteStudents(playwright: Playwright):
"""
删除学生
"""
url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentDelete/' + str(105)
request_context = playwright.request.new_context()
response = request_context.delete(url=url)
assert response.ok
assert response.json()
print('\n', response.json())效果：
5. 上传文件
这是个特例吧，按照官方方法，我真的搞不定，总是提示上传文件不能为空。结果用了一个替代方案，抓包模拟构造入参才成功，真是曲折。
示例代码：
def test_upload_file(playwright: Playwright):
'''
上传文件
'''
request_context = playwright.request.new_context()
upload_url = "http://localhost:8090/fileUpload"
file_path = "d:/demo.txt"
filename = file_path.split('/')[-1]
mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)
if not mime_type:
mime_type = 'application/octet-stream'
with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
file_content = file.read()
boundary = '---------------------' + str(random.randint(1e28, 1e29 - 1))
body = (
f'--{boundary}\r\n'
f'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="{filename}"\r\n'
f'Content-Type: {mime_type}\r\n\r\n'
f'{file_content.decode("utf-8") if mime_type.startswith("text/") else file_content.hex()}'
f'\r\n--{boundary}--\r\n'
).encode('utf-8')
headers = {
'Content-Type': f'multipart/form-data; boundary={boundary}',
}
response = request_context.post(upload_url, data=body, headers=headers)
assert response.status == 200, f"Upload failed with status: {response.status}"
assert response.ok
assert response.json()
print('\n', response.json())效果：
官方写法：
with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
file_content = file.read()
response = request_context.post(upload_url, multipart={
"fileField": {
"name": "demo.txt",
"mimeType": "text/plain",
"buffer": file_content,
}
})
print('\n', response.json())效果：
官方写法我不知道为啥不行，有大侠知道的还请帮忙给个例子，小弟不胜感激！
写在最后
我还是觉得微软很强，这套框架确实比selenium略胜一筹，综合来看。
终于有时间更新一篇文章，觉得有用的话，转发留言都可以，谢谢！对了，那个上传文件的问题，还请前辈们帮忙看看呀！
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