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作者描述了在安装Debian 12时遇到的问题——默认源导致更新卡住，并提供了通过手动更改源来解决的方法。具体步骤包括注释掉默认源并添加新的镜像源，如中国科技大学（USTC）、腾讯、阿里或网易的镜像。这些镜像支持多种版本（bookworm、bookworm-security、bookworm-updates等），涵盖主要组件（main、contrib、non-free、non-free-firmware）。更改完成后，需保存文件并运行`sudo apt-get update`以应用更改。此外，文章还提到了其他可用的国内镜像来源，供用户根据需求选择。
前言：源选择的迷惑
在安装Debian 12时，我们通常可以选择国内的软件源，我本以为这样就足够了，无需手动更换。然而，今天在执行更新命令时，系统竟然卡住了，原因是它开始请求官方源了。突如其来的问题，令人感到有些为难，但好在我们可以通过手动更换源来解决。
解决问题的教程：手动更换Debian 12软件源
首先，我们需要打开源文件：/etc/apt/sources.list。你可以选择使用nano编辑器或者通过SSH软件自带的文件管理功能进行修改。接着，将文件中的所有deb和deb-src行都注释掉，即在每行前面加上#号，示例如下：
# deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
# deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware
# deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
然后，插入你喜欢的新源。我个人比较喜欢中科大的源，所以这里给出一份示例：
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
保存后，运行命令：sudo apt-get upgrade重新拉取一下索引文件，这样就可以使用sudo apt-get upgrade来更新依赖了。
其他源：腾讯、阿里、网易源选择
除了中科大的源外，还有其他一些备选源可供选择，这取决于个人偏好。以下是一些腾讯、阿里和网易的源：
腾讯源：
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
阿里源：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
网易源：
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-backports/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
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